Method of and apparatus for making foundations



M. BLUMENTHAL.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOUNDATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16,1918- 1,%,9%5D Patenmd Jan. 311, 1922.

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M. BLUMENTHAL. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FOUNDATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR-16,1918.

1,,41=U%,925 Patented Jan. 31, 1922.,

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAURICE BLUMEN- THAL, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Brooklyn in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented cer-.

quired, and the invention also relates to the reinforcement of the earth for any purpose, as in the building of bulk-heads, piers, retaining walls or similar structures; and the invention consists of an improved method or process of sinking concrete piles and forming such piles and also of the apparatus or means employed for carrying such method or process into effect.

The invention is fully disclosed in the following specification, of which the accompanying drawings form a part, in which the separate parts of my improvement are designated by suitable reference characters in each of the views, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a tubular pile former casing which ll employ and the method of using the same;

Fig. 2 a similar view showing the pile former casing of Fig. 1 and a sup lemental pile former casing used in connection therewith and indicating the method of use;

Fig. 3 a, View similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but showing. only the supplemental pile former casing shown in Fig. 2 and the method'of its use to form a complete pile;

Fig. 4 a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing main and supplemental pile former casings and indicating the method of their use;

Fig. 5 a view similar to F ig4 but indicating the method of forming a complete pile;

Fig. 6 a view similar to Fig. 5 but showthe com lete pile; 4

. Figs." 8 and 9 views similar to Figs. 1,

2 and 3 butshowing a modification;

Figs. 10, 11 and 12 sections respectively Specification of Letters Patent.

ian'rnon or am arrana'rus roe, MAKING ronnnerrons.

Patented Jan. 311.,

Application filed March 16, 1913. Serial No. 222,821.

on the line 10-10 of Fig. 3, 1111 of Fig. 6, and 1212 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 13 a detail view showing a modification and part only of the supplemental pile former casing shown in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 14 a detail sectional View showing a part of a pile formed with the aid of the supplemental casing shown in Fig. 13.

The invention described and claimed here in relates to subject-matter part of which is shown and described in Letters Patent No. 1,279,834, and the basic element of this invention is taken from the said prior appli- T cation, said basic element consisting of the tubular pile former casing shown in Fig. 8

of said prior patent, and different forms of which, and different methods of using the same are shown in this case.

In the practice of this invention or in carrying the same into effect, I provide. a tubular pile former casin a shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, and this casing isadapted to be driven into the earth and to be filled with concrete'or similar material used in forming piles of the class under consideration, and in this operation the end of the casing to be driven into the earth is pro vided with a detachable nose-piece a and the other end with a detachable block or head a and the casing is driven in the usual manner.

The casing a is provided throughout its surface with apertures a which, as shown in Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive,,are circular in form, and in the operation of driving the former casing a sand, gravel or other finely divided earthy material 1) passes in through the apertures a; and falls into the bottom of the former or/[former casing, and after the driving of saidformer casing has been com- "i'pleted, the block or head a is removed and this earthy material is also removed from the former or former casing by an air blast or waterhlast in the usual manner, and the result of this operation is shown in Fig. 8, and the pile is completed by pouring the concrete or other material 6 into the former or former" casing a as shown in Fig. 9, and after .saieL/former or former.

casing has been filled with concrete or similar material, it is packed and compressed by any suitable means, and this operation forces the concrete out through the apertures a into the surrounding earth as shown at d, and the projecting portions 11 of concrete mingle with the surrounding earth and re as will be readily understood, the earthy material adjacent to the body of the pile being impregnated with the concrete which when it sets or becomes hardgnot only reinforces the pile itself but reinforces and ha-rdens the surrounding earthy material and this increases to a. large extent the supporting power of the pile.

r In the above described operation the pile former or former casing a must be made heavy enough to permit of it being driven into the ground, and as this former is left .in the ground and-forms a part of the completed pile this method of procedure is comparatively expensive ;Y but in Figs. .1 to 6 1nclusive I have shown means or constructions for use in forming or producing piles of the class under consideration which involve main and supplemental pile formers or former casings f and g.

The main pile former casing f is tubular in form the same as that shown in Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive, and in the construction shown in the accompanying drawing is split longitudinally to form two tapered parts and in connection with this construction the nose piece a and the block or head a are also employed, and in the use of the main and supplemental formers or former casings f and g, the casing f is first driven into the ground after which the supplemental casing g is inserted thereinto, or said casing 9 may be inserted into the casing f before the driving process. The supplemental casing g is composed of much lighter material than the casing f and isprovided with apertures g which, in the construction shown, are angular in form but may be of any desired shape, and after the main casing f has been driven and the supplemental casing g is in position therein, as herein described, the supplemental casing g is filled with concrete material as shown at e, or partially filled, after. which the main casing f is withdrawn, in which operation the separate sections thereof are removed separately, which leaves the casing g in the ground, after which the concrete e in said casing g is tam'ped or compressed in any manner, and in this operation the concrete is forced'out through the apertures 9 as shown at g in Fig. 3, and this forms the completed pile reinforced in the same man-,

ner as with the construction showninFigs. 7 to 9 inclusive, and hereinbefore described, but in this 'case only the pile former or formerjcasing g with the nosepiece a are lost, or remain in the ground as a part of the completed pile.

The construction shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 involves a main inner former or former casing h and a supplemental or outer former casing 71, both'of which are tapered and the main inner casing is divided centrally and longitudinally to form two similar parts h,

vsame result as herein set out with reference and the parts h and z form a complete pile former or former casing provided at one end material and is provided with apertures 11 which are preferably oblong in form, transversely of said casing as shown in Fig. 5, and in the use of this construction'of a pile former or former casing, it is driven into the ground the same as with the form shown in Figs. 7 to '9 and Figs. 1 to 3, after which the former or former casing is filled with concrete 6, after which the inner or main fOImBIjOI former casing k is removed, the separate parts thereof being removed separately, after which'the concrete is tamped or packed in any way, and this operation forces said concrete out through. the aperturesi as shown at 41 in Fig. 6 with the to the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive and 7 to 9 inclusive, the supplemental outer former or former casing i with the nose-piece 0, remaining in the ground in this opleration and forming a part of a completed p1 e.

The construction shown in Figs. 13 and 14 is intended principally as a modification of that shown in Figs. 7 to 9. In the structure Figs. 13 and 14 the apertures a in the former or former casing a are made triangular in form and closed by triangular tongues at" having an integral connection a with the material at the tops of said apertures, and when this former or former casing is driven intothe ground, the apertures remain closed and the earthy material does not enter the former or former casing, and does not have to be removed therefrom, and when the said former or former casing is filled with concrete, as shown at e in Fig. 14 and packed or compressed by tamping or otherwise, the concrete is forced out through the apertures a in which operation the tongues a are raised and the apertures thus opened. When thus bent outwardly the tongues serve to reinforce the projecting. portions ofthe concrete.

"In the accompanying drawing and foregoing description, I have shown and described the apertured former or former casing a as composed of sheet metal, but this is only necessary when said former or former casing is used independent of another former or former casing, as shown in Figs. 7 to 14 inclusive, but when said former or former casing ais used in connection with another or supplemental former or former casing as shown in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the

apertured former or former casing may be composed of wire mesh or any other suitable material having apertures; and other changes in and modifications of the construction naoeeaa herein described may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of my invention or sacrificing its advantages.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The herein described method of forming within the earth a concrete pile having lateral projections thereon, which consists in providing two tubular pile formers one of which is inserted into the other and one of which is provided with a plurality of openings formed therethrough spaced apart in the length of the. former, sinking'said two formers into the earth, filling the inner former with a body of concrete material, withdrawing the former having no openings, and then forcing portions of said con crete material outwardly through said openings by a pressure'sufficient to cause the outwardly moving concrete material to compress the surrounding earth and to form pockets in said compressed earth one adjacent each of' said openings filled with said concrete material.

2. The herein described method of forming within the earth a concrete pile having lateral projections thereon, which consists in providing two tubular pile formers one of which is inserted into the other and the inner one of which is provided with a plurality of openings formed therethrough spaced apart in the length of the former, sinkin'g said formers into the earth, filling the inner former with a body of concrete material, withdrawing the outer former, and then forcing portions of said concrete'material outwardly through said openings by a pressure sufficient to cause the outwardly moving concrete material to compress the surrounding earth and to form pockets in said compressedearth one adjacent each of said openings filled with said concrete material.

3. The herein described method of forming within the earth a concrete pile having &

lateral projections thereon, which consists in providing two tubular pile formers one of which is inserted into the other, sinking said former into the earth, filling the inner former with a body of concrete material, withdrawing the outer former, applying pressure to said concrete material to force portions of said concrete material against outwardly bendable sections of said former to bend said sections into the surrounding earth, and continuing to apply said pressure so as to force the concrete material outwardly into the surrounding earth and about the bent out portions through the openings left in said former by the bending out of said sections.

4. A tubular shell to be used as a former for the making of concrete piles within the earth, the walls of said shell having a plurality of sections partially cut therefrom to render said sections bendable by means of the uncut portions. substantially for the purpose set forth.

5. The herein described method of forming within the earth a concrete pile having lateral projections thereon. which consists in sinking into the earth a pile former, fill-- ing said former with a body of concrete material, applying pressure to said concrete material to force portions thereof against outwardly bendable sections of the former and thereby bending said sections outwardly into the surrounding earth. and continuing to apply said pressure so as to force the concrete material outwardly into the surrounding earth and about the bent out portions through the openings left in said former by the bending out of said sections.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of the subscribing witnesses this 15th day of March 1918.

MAURICE BLUh IENTHAL.

Witnesses:

C. E. MULREANY, H. E. THoMPsoN. 

